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Six stages of life

The six stages of life



Transcription

si ma[t]ris hac ratione[s] similes exprimi vultus. Qui autem\ utriusque parentis figuram reddunt, equaliter mixto pa\terno maternoque semine concipiuntur. Avorum proavorumque\ similes fieri, quia sicut in terra multa semina occulta\ sic in hominibus semina celantur, nobis figuram parentum\ redditura. Ex paterno autem semine puellas nasci, et\ ex materno pueros, quia omnis partus constat duplici se\mine, cuius pars maior cum involvit, occupat similitudi\nem sexus. In corpore nostro quedam et utilitatis causa facta\ sunt ut viscera, quedam et utilitatis et decoris ut sensus in\ facie, et in corpore manus et pedes. Quorum membrorum et uti\litas magna est, et species decentissima. Quedam tantum\ decoris, ut mamille in viris, et in utroque sexu umbilicus. Que\dam discretionis ut in viris genitalia, barba prolixa, pectus\ amplum. In mulieribus leves gene et angustum pectus, ad\ concipiendos autem et portandos fetus renes et latera dilatata.\ Quod ad hominem et partes attinet corporis ex parte dictum\ est, nunc etatis [PL, etates] eius subiungamus.

De etate hominis
Gradus etatis vi sunt. Infancia, puericia,\ adolescentia, iuventus, gravitas, atque se\nectus. Prima etas infantia est, pueri nas\centis ad lucem, que porrigit in vii annis.\ Secunda puericia est, id est pura et nec dum ad\ generandum apta, tendens usque ad quartum decimum an\num. Tercia adolescentia ad gignendum adulta, que porri\gitur usque viginti octo annos. Quarta iuventus firmissima\ omnium etatum finiens in quinquagesimo anno. Quinta\ etas senioris, id est gravitas que est declinatio a iuventute in\ senectutem, non dum senectus set iam non iuventus, quia\ senioris etas est quam Greci presbiterum vocant, nam senex\ apud Grecos non presbiter sed geron dicitur. Que etas a quinquagesimo\ anno incipiens, septuagesimo terminatur. Sexta etas senec\tus que nullo annorum tempore finitur, sed post quinque illas\ etates quantumcumque vite est senectuti deputatur. Senium\ autem pars est ultima senectutis, dicta quod sit terminus\ sexte etatis. In his igitur sex spaciis philosophi descripserunt vi\tam humanam, in quibus mutatur et currit et ad mortis\ terminum pervenit. Pergamus ergo breviter predictos gradus eta\tum, ethimologias earum in homine demonstrantes. In\fans dicitur homo prime etatis. Dictus autem infans quod\ adhuc fari, id est loqui non potest. Non dum enim bene ordina\tis dentibus minus est sermonis expressio. Puer a puritate\ vocatus, quia purus est et nec dum lanuginem floremque\ genarum habens. Hi sunt ethebi a Phebo dicti, nec dum\ pro nativitate viri adolescentuli lenes. Puer autem tribus\ modis dicitur. Pro nativitate ut Ysaias: Puer natus est nobis.\ Pro etate ut octennis decennis. Unde est illud: Iam pueri\le iugum tenera cervice gerebat. Pro obsequio et fidei puri\tate ut dominus ad prophetam: Puer meus es tu, noli timere, dum\ iam Jeremias longe puericie excessisset annos. Puella par\vula quasi pulla, unde et pupillos non pro conditione sed\ pro etate puerili vocamus. Pupilli autem dicti quasi sine ocu\lis, hoc est a parentibus orbi. Hi autem vere pupilli dicuntur\ quorum patres vel parentes ante decesserunt, quam ab his no\men acciperent, ceteri orbi vocantur. Orphani idem qui et\ pupilli. Illud enim Grecum nomen est, hoc Latinum. Nam\


Translation

if her seed is stronger; for this reason countenances have a similar appearance.
Infants who have the face of both parents were conceived in an equal mix of their their paternal and maternal seed.
They resemble grandparents and great-grandparents because, just as there are many seeds hidden in the earth, so there are seeds hidden in mankind, which give us the features of our ancestors.
From the paternal seed girls are born; from the maternal, boys; because each birth consists of a double seed, and when the greater of the two parts overcomes the other, it produces a similarity in sex.
In our body certain things are created for a functional purpose, such as the intestines; some for utility and ornament, like the sensory organs on the face and the hands and feet on the body. The usefulness of these parts is great and their appearance most seemly.
Some are there for ornament only, like men's nipples and the navel in both sexes.
Some are there to distinguish one sex from the other, like the genitals, the long beard and the broad chest in men; the soft cheeks and narrow breast in women; but for conceiving and carrying babies their loins and hips are widened.
What pertains to man and the parts of his body has already been said; now we will go on to the ages of his life.

Of the age of man
There are six stages of life. Infancy, childhood, adolescence, youth, maturity and old age.
The first age is infancy, which lasts from the time the child enters the light till it is seven.
The second is childhood, that is, when the child is pure and not yet old enough to generate young; it extends to the fourteenth year.
The third is adolescence, when the child is old enough to generate children; it lasts until the twenty-eighth year.
The fourth is youth, the the most robust of all the ages; it ends in the fiftieth year.
The fifth age is that of riper years, that is, of maturity, and represents the movement away from youth to old age; you are not yet ancient, but you are no longer young; the Greeks call someone at this age of maturity presbiteros, an elder; an old man they call geron. This age, beginning in the fiftieth year, ends in the seventieth.
The sixth age is that of old age, which has no end-date; whatever of life is left after the five Previous ages is classed as 'old age'.
The final part of old age is senility, senium, so called because it marks the end of the sixth age, sexta etas.
Philosophers, therefore, have categorised human life in these six periods, during which it is changed and runs its race and comes to an end, which is death.
So, let us proceed briefly through the above-mentioned categories of the ages, pointing out their etymology in the context of man.
Man at the first stage is called infans; this is because he is incapable of speaking, fari. As his teeth are not yet arranged correctly, his capacity to produce words is restricted.
Boy, puer, is so called from purity, puritas, because he is pure, with no down or bloom yet on his cheeks. These are ethebi [ephebi], named after Phoebus; not yet grown men but gentle little boys.
The word 'boy' is used in three ways. In the context of birth, as in Isaiah: 'Unto us a child is born' (9:6). In the context of age, as 'a boy of eight' or 'a ten year-old boy'. In this context: 'Now he bore the yoke on his tender neck'. And in the context of compliance and purity of faith, as the Lord said to the prophet: 'You are my son, do not fear' (see Jeremiah, 1:7-8), although Jeremiah had long since outlived the years of his childhood.
Girl, puella, comes from parvula, very small female, or 'chicken', pulla, so to speak.
For this reason we refer to 'orphans', pupillus, not from their status but because of their childish age. They are called pupillus as if they were without eyes, that is, bereft, orbus, of their parents. They are properly called 'orphans' if their parents died before they were named; others call them 'parentless', orbi. 'Orphan', orphanus, means the same as pupillus. The one is the Greek word; the other, the Latin.


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